Comparison of J.S. Bachs Fugues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of J.S. Bachs Fugues - Essay Example This was Bach's training ground. Bach's professional career commenced in 1700 as a chorister in Luneburg, followed by positions as an organist in Arnstadt, Muhlhausen, and Weimar up until 1717. It was his appointment in the ducal court at Weimar in 1708 where he started to compose fugues using contrapunctual 1techniques. In 1707 he composed the Little Organ Fugue in G minor (BWV 578), also known as the "Little Fugue" or "Little G minor". This music was originally written for the organ. As a typical fugue, the music commences with a brief musical theme, so called its subject, represented by a lone musical voice. This first voice continues and another enters to play the subject. Other voices enter one by one until there are several independent musical voices at play, developing the piece of music. The Little Fugue starts the subject in a minor key, but ends in with a (G) major chord, which was characteristic of Baroque fugues of the time that were written in the minor keys. Bach composed "The Art of Fugue", or "Die Kunst de Fugue" (BWV 1080) in 1748-1749 in Leipzig, where he was the Kantor 2of St Thomas's.

Strategic Management Case Study: Apple

Strategic Management Case Study: Apple 1.0 introduction Strategic management is the art and science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that will enable an organization to achieve its objectives. Strategic management includes a systematic recognition of specifying the firm’s objectives, nurturing policies and strategies to achieve these objectives, and acquiring and making available these resources to implement the policies and strategies to achieve the firm’s objectives. Strategic management, therefore, integrates the activities of the various functional sectors of a business, such as marketing, sales, production etc., to achieve organizational goals. (Lamb, 1984) 1.1 Company background Apple Inc. is an American corporation that designs and manufactures computer hardware, software and other consumer electronics. The company is best known for their Macintosh personal computer line, Mac OS X, extremely loyal user-base, iTunes media application and the iPod personal music player. The company headquarters is in Cupertino, California, CEO and co-founder is Steve Jobs and the company boasts 284 retail locations spanning 10 different countries. Apple was established on April 1st, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. Steve Jobs was said to own 45% of the company, Steve Wozniak with 45% and Wayne with the remaining 10%. While Jobs and Wozniak were young with little to no assets, Ronald Wayne was older with personal assets and was scared to put these at risk. Apple products have been able to achieve the highest rate of sales compared to its competitors in the world, and the company was able to significantly control the electronics market in the world throughout their products. 2.0 strategic analyses Strategic analysis is the process developing a strategy for a business, throughout researching about the business and the environment in which it operate. Strategic analysis involves two scenarios internal to organization and external to the organization. It is important to also remain focused on the destiny or goal and then make relevant analysis internally as well as externally, as the strategic analysis is something which is very wide in nature. (MiHyang, 2010, NCVO newsletter, 2009). The strategic analysis tools gives magical solutions for the company’s head office, so that they can analyze the current internal and external business scenario for advanced planning. The tools that Apple can use are as shown below. 2.1 General environment General environment are the factors and circumstances such as economic, legal, political and social. That affects everyone in the industry generally or the market more or less similarly. Although a business cannot control what takes place in the general environment, evaluating the general environment can allow businesses the opportunity to predict changes and identify future opportunities during a manager’s analysis of the general environment. General environment includes two theory branches. The SWOT analysis which detects the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats an organization may face in the future or is facing in the present. The other theory is the PEST which may affect the general environment of the company. 2.2 PEST analysis As well as the internal factors that can affect an organization’s performance, there are also a number of external factors that affect the organization success in the business world. Many organizations use the PEST analysis in determining the impact of these factors on the organization. Pest analysis consists of four factors political, economical, social, and technological. To achieve the highest benefit from this analysis, organizations must understand the role of each factor. As a company apple Inc. concentrates a lot on PEST analysis and Porter’s five forces. Actually these two theories are considered very important for any successful company. As a company apple cannot control its relationships with other countries such as, china, and Korea. Any political conflicts between United States of America and any of these countries will cause horrible effects on Apple Inc. Since is producing many of its products outside America in Chinese and Korean factories. Any economical crisis will highly have an impact on Apple Company. Although inflation rates will also affect the company, as well as the U.S.D value in international market will also affect the company. Socially the world has changed a lot in the last 5 years with the help of Apple’s advanced technology. Apple contributed in this social change. Apple is required to improve and develop their technologies more and more, so that they can get the highest benefit from the social changes that occur in the world. Apple is a prestige for any high class person, so they should always stay like that. Nowadays technology is improving quicker than before. Apple is considered one of the innovative companies in the world right now, so they always should utilize any development in the technology to innovate and introduce more products to the world. 2.3 Competitive environment The competitive environment is the dynamic system in which your business competes. The status of the whole system controls and sometimes limits the amount of flexibility in your business due to the world economic status. Economical crisis, shortage, and unexpected disasters affect the competitive environment. There are two types of competitive environments direct and indirect competitors. Direct competitors are competitors who produce the same products as yours. They compete with you directly in order to achieve higher revenue than your company. The other type of competitive environment is the indirect competitors. Most of the organizations face competition from suppliers of different products or services. 2.3 Value creating Activities Value creating activities is the set of actions that increase the value of the product, or the service. In order to gain a competitive advantage, throughout this process the product or the service of an organization will achieve a marginal value. If these set of activities are applied properly the organization will gain a competitive advantage on their product or service. 2.3.1 Value chain analysis According to Michael porter a value chain is the set of actions that build up worth at every stage in producing the product. The cost of the product settled by the company is the total of all the expenses paid throughout all stages of producing this product. Value chain analysis is a tool applied by organization, so that they can figure out how to create a great worth for their consumers. 2.3.2 Application to Company The value chain analysis will help in determining the rate of development in Apple Inc and will also detect how Apple uses their resources. This value chain component tends to prove apple’s abilities in the technological branch. Apple was the first company to introduce a digital lifestyle hub. The history of apple is full of technological achievements. Apple operating system is considered more safe and stable than windows. Apple tends to be the best and the first in the technological products achievements. Since Apple rejected to license its operating system to other organizations, the bundled packages of the company developed hardware and software that became the basis of Apple’s production process. Apple considers productivity as an important branch of the designing process. When apple achieved a good market share growth and had a base of loyal consumers who are waiting for apple to introduce a new product, so that they can replace their old product with the new one. Apple saw that it is time for expensive P.C to enter the market. Apple concentrated on achieving more growth than before, so that they can produce a better ‘mousetrap’ all the way through its history. Customer service is one of the main things that make Apple Inc. special in the market. Actually they tend to satisfy the consumer even after buying the product by giving the consumer after sale services and warranty. Apple’s efficient customer service is one of the reasons why loyal consumers never change to another companies selling the same technology. Legally in a changeable innovative market, it is well-known for apple company that it is important to protect their copyrights and maintaining the patent, so that no one of their competitors can use any of the inventions that apple have record it under their name. In the year 2012 Samsung company was fined about 1 billion$ in favor of Apple Inc. because they used two of the invention that apple have record them as a patent. This proves that apple as a company is able to protect their rights from the competitors’ utilization. 2.4 Resource based view RVB is a tool that is used to evaluate the value of organization strategic assets. The resource based view tool is based on the idea that the efficient use of all resources that an organization collects helps in determining its competitive advantage. 2.4.1 Resources Organization resources are all the resources that allow and help a firm to apply and perform its activities. All resources that a firm has may not be strategically related. There are specific resources that are capable to put a firm in position of competitive advantage. There are four components that an organization should have in order to achieve a competitive advantage. These four components form the VRN characteristics. 2.4.2 Core Competencies (Prahald Hamel) Core competencies are a group of supplementary information, abilities, attitudes, and resources in a firm which makes performing a critical process better than other process. 2.4.3 Distinctive capabilities According to john kay distinctive capabilities are a related aspect of organization resources. Organizations with distinctive capabilities have features which other cannot imitate. To achieve a competitive advantage a company must have three distinctive capabilities architecture, reputation, and innovation. 2.4.4 Application to company Apple main resources are its brand name and marketing strategies. Apple has a good reputation in the market, although their high quality products in the market results in having a big base of loyal customer. Apple software also is one of the most resources that the company has. In a nutshell apple as a company have both tangible and intangible resources, but the intangible resources is the main reason for the company success. Apple Core Competencies analysis Adapting a viral marketing strategy from social networking websites was a great step which achieved success in making apple closer to the consumers. Customer loyalty is one of the most important competencies in Apple Company. The company was able to manage keeping their customers loyal to them by attracting them through creating such innovative products, so that customers will always wait for the new products. What makes apple so special is their high ability in protecting their new product details, although there is no any information can be leaked about apple products before introducing them. This proves that apple employees are so loyal to their company by maintaining secrecy about any information regarding new products. 2.5 Organizational performance Organizational performance is tool used to analyze an organization’s performance compared to its goals and objectives. Organizational performance consists of three essential outcomes financial performance, market performance, and shareholder value performance. 2.5.1 Measuring Coo-prate Performance Measuring corporate performance tool is used to evaluate the accomplishments of settled goals in an organization. It also detects any failure in achieving a specific goal. This tool also predicts the future performance. 2.5.2 Meeting the Needs of Stakeholders Achieving success in applying a certain strategy is evaluated through the amount of satisfaction of stakeholders and whether there needs are met or not. To satisfy stakeholders there is a short term and long term success of any business. 2.5.3 Application to company (appendix) Throughout balance sheet a company can measure its coo-prate performance, so that they can get know whether they are gaining profit or not. 3.0 strategy formulation Strategy formulation is the course of action that indicates actions that should be taken by an organization in order to achieve a specific goal. There are some certain steps that should be applied in a chronological order. These steps are as following: value assessment, vision and mission formulation, strategy design, performance audit analysis, gap analysis, action plan development, contingency planning, and implementation. Using these steps in the chronological order shall help an organization in achieving their goals. 3.1 business level strategy Business level strategy concentrates on the position of the firm in the market in compare to its competitors. It also explains the steps and actions taken by the firm in order to value their customers in order to gain a competitive advantage by utilizing essential efficiencies they have in specific products or services markets. There are four main important strategies that are used by organizations in order to gain competitive advantage over competitors. The four generic strategies are as follows: cost leadership, differentiation, focused low cost, focused differentiation. Business strategy level gives a great opportunity for an organization to gain a competitive advantage on its competitors if applied correctly. 3.1.1 Generic competitive strategy In the year 1980 Michael porter developed three generic strategies that are used by an organization in order to gain competitive advantage. These three generic strategies are: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. 3.1.2 Corporate strategy Corporate strategy is the actions a firm takes in order to achieve business success in the future. It also concentrates on the company adaptations and anticipations toward changes in the business environment. In order to apply corporate strategy it requires concentration on the firm’s activities and the nature of the business it is doing. As well as its position in the market and how wild the competition is with its competitors. 3.1.3 Growth strategy Mostly organizations always have plans for expansion in their business in order to increase revenue. Although there are specific techniques a firm must use in order to apply their growth strategy. The technique an organization use in order to apply growth strategy mostly depends on their financial status, how strong is competition between their competitors, and the rules and regulations of the government in this country. The most common growth strategies are market expansion, market penetration, diversification and acquisition, and product expansion. 3.2.2 Application to Company Apple growth strategy depends on increasing its market demand on its products through product differentiation, through producing unique and attractive products to customers. The company was able to achieve success through this strategy by keeping its brand loyalty in its highest levels. Apple concentrates on certain level of customers. Customers who wish to pay more, so that they can receive high quality products. Through product differentiation apple was able to achieve success and become one of the leading organizations in the world’s market. 4.0 Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation is considered the toughest stage in the strategic management process. Strategy implementation requires managers to apply these strategies and convert it to actions that will achieve success and high performance. 4.1 International Strategy (Organizational and environmental factors) International strategy is a strategy in which an organization introduces and sells their product in other foreign markets. The main reason for applying this strategy is because of the new opportunities an international market introduces to an organization. 4.1.1 Globalization Framework MNC’ stands for Multi National Corporation. MNC’ are organizations that have assets in other countries within its original home land. These organizations may have factories and departments in other countries, although they have a specific main head office in which they manage the organization. MNC’ organizations main goal is to maximize the wealth of shareholders. 4.1.2 Entry mode Strategies Entry mode is a strategy that allows and helps in adjusting the proper time for an organization to introduce their product in another foreign country. Applying this decision is one of the hardest processes in an organization. It may affect the company either negatively nor positively in many ways. 4.1.3 Diamond of National Advantage Porter’s diamond national advantage strategy states that the national the national advantage of a country depends on certain factors. Porter used a diamond shaped diagram to explain and state his theory. He explains the role of the national field that governments create for their business advantage. 4.1.4 Application to company Apple expanded their business through opening many retail stores around the world, having partnerships with other telecommunication companies all over the world. One of the reasons apple expanded in the last years was because of their innovative products which met the customer’s needs Although the company was able to manage their product’s cost through concentrating on certain level of customers specifically high level customers. 4.2 Corporate Governance Corporate governance is rules and policies settled in which an organization is controlled and directed. It also draws structure for an organization to achieve its goals. Actually it includes all the branches of management from planning and controlling to performance evaluation and company disclosure. 4.2.1 Board of Directors Board of directors is a committee chosen by elections in which its main role is to take the responsibility for managing a nonprofit organization. This committee is responsible for holding the funds and assets and any other property that belong to others. Board of Trustees oversees management and counseling issues facing the organization. 4.2.2 Executive Compensation Actually compensation for executive manager is not the same as compensations for normal employees. This happens in mostly all organizations. The executive compensation includes the CEO, CFO, the vice president, and the upper- level managers. These employees are treated in a quite different way from other employees. Their salary and compensation are negotiable and are stated and recorded in the contract. The contract records their salary, compensation, and bonuses. 4.3 Application to company Apple’s board of directors main mission is to assure that the shareholder’s interests are being served. They set standards to ensure the company’s success through maintaining high standards of responsibility and ethics. 5.0 Conclusion Strategic management gives an organization a creative ability in shaping and drawing its future in the market. It gives an organization the ability to launch and create a plan rather than responding to actions, so that they control their destiny. Nowadays any manager or a business owner controlling an organization has recognized the importance of strategic management and the benefits gained from it. Organizations that apply strategic management in their company plans will have high performance levels than companies that aren’t applying this strategy.

Chinua Achebe and the Language of the Colonizer Essay -- Essays Papers

Chinua Achebe and the Language of the Colonizer A powerful instrument of control used by the colonizing powers is the instrument of language. Language forms a huge part of the culture of a people - it is through their language that they express their folk tales, myths, proverbs, history. For this reason, the imperial powers invariably attempted to stamp out native languages and replace them with their own. As Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin point out, there are two possible responses to this control - rejection or subversion. (The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, London: Routledge, 1995. 284) While Ngugi Wa Thiong’o is famous for advocating outright rejection of the colonialist language, believing that this rejection is central to the anti-imperialist struggle, Chinua Achebe has chosen the idea of subversion rather than rejection. According to Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, his writing â€Å"displays a process by which the language is made to bear the weight and texture of a different experience. In doing so it becomes anothe r language.† In The African Trilogy, Achebe uses the language of the colonizer to convey the Igbo experience of that colonization. The idioms, proverbs and imagery of these books all invoke his Eastern Nigerian culture, forcing the reader to accept on Achebe’s (linguistic) terms, the story he has to tell. Any reader of The African Trilogy comes away with at least a limited knowledge of Igbo words and phrases. Some words such as obi, chi, osu, and egwugwu be... Chinua Achebe and the Language of the Colonizer Essay -- Essays Papers Chinua Achebe and the Language of the Colonizer A powerful instrument of control used by the colonizing powers is the instrument of language. Language forms a huge part of the culture of a people - it is through their language that they express their folk tales, myths, proverbs, history. For this reason, the imperial powers invariably attempted to stamp out native languages and replace them with their own. As Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin point out, there are two possible responses to this control - rejection or subversion. (The Post-Colonial Studies Reader, London: Routledge, 1995. 284) While Ngugi Wa Thiong’o is famous for advocating outright rejection of the colonialist language, believing that this rejection is central to the anti-imperialist struggle, Chinua Achebe has chosen the idea of subversion rather than rejection. According to Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, his writing â€Å"displays a process by which the language is made to bear the weight and texture of a different experience. In doing so it becomes anothe r language.† In The African Trilogy, Achebe uses the language of the colonizer to convey the Igbo experience of that colonization. The idioms, proverbs and imagery of these books all invoke his Eastern Nigerian culture, forcing the reader to accept on Achebe’s (linguistic) terms, the story he has to tell. Any reader of The African Trilogy comes away with at least a limited knowledge of Igbo words and phrases. Some words such as obi, chi, osu, and egwugwu be...

Sartre’s Criticisms on Human Essence in the Light of Aristotle’s Philosophy

Our ability to engage in abstraction is, indubitably, a unique gift endowed to our human cognition. And the reason for such a telling contention is near to being self-evident: i. e. , only human persons have the ability to see through otherwise distinct and separate entities, a unifying concept that reveals these things’ common nature, if not their defining essence. To this end, it is necessary to point that our human intellect’s preponderance to abstracting the essences is another facet of human cognition. This is because knowing, akin to seeing, affords us an immediate grasp of reality’s nature and purpose; for by the mere experience of something, say a table, we almost instantly furnish ourselves with a working concept about the thing’s essence – i. e. , we ‘know’ what a table is, what is it for. Thus, it makes sense to say that abstracting essences form part and parcel of both the intuitive and inductive process of a person’s ability to know reality. Our understanding of the concept of essence draws chiefly from the scheme provided by the Greek metaphysics. And herein it would insightful to take cue from Aristotle’s ‘hylemorphic’ framework. According to Aristotle, anything that exists – say, a tree or a dog – is constituted of both an existence and an essence; i. e. , all things both have material and formal constitutions. On the one hand, existence pertains to the act of being, or the facticity of a thing. For example, that table is being actual right when one sees it. On the other hand, essence pertains to the nature of a certain thing. It is that which makes a thing to be what it is; an abstracted concept which makes us see the connection between the entities that we are perceiving (say, a table) and the other things (say, a classroom filled with tables) belonging to the same genre or species (Lavine 71). Essence thus defines the nature of a certain thing or describes the aspect proper to the same. If we proceed with this line of argumentation, we can go on to claim that one can apply the concept of essence to pertain to reality of human persons. From here, we can move to identify conspicuous aspects which may be deemed ‘proper to human persons’, so as to glean what we may call â€Å"human essence† – i. e. , that a person is an existing being, that he shows characteristic elements proper to animals, but that he possess a faculty of intellect and freewill proper to him and him alone. In the ultimate analysis, one can say that the essence defining a human person lies in framing him as a living creature that shares certain characteristic traits of animals, but is endowed nevertheless with the unique faculty of intellect and freewill. Key to this process, it must be argued, is describing the determinate aspects of his very existence. To be sure, we may still identify a good number of characteristic elements that could equally describe what it means to be human person. And surely, we cannot stop at construing fundamental animality and rationality as aspects that sufficiently capture the â€Å"whatness† of humanity; for the reasoned construction of human essences does not entail that we have completely circumscribed the total reality of human persons. That having said, Jean Paul Sartre believes that humanity has no fixed essence. In other words, he believes that humanity cannot be framed within the parameters of determinateness or the limits we impose by construing human essences. At the very least, Sartre contends that we cannot define the contours of what it means to be a person because our freedom determines the unique manner of our very existence. J. Sartre’s contention fundamentally draws from his concept of absolute human freedom. A thinker who belongs to the erstwhile group of philosophers known as Existentialists, Sartre’s philosophy puts higher premium than most on appreciating human existence as a concrete and perpetual striving for one’s own becoming (Marias 436). This means that, for Sartre, we as human persons must constantly appreciate the fact we exist, more than the fact that we have an essence to frame our subsequent courses of actions. Sartre believes that â€Å"we are necessarily free†, and that the burden of â€Å"making† our own human essence lies in the choices that we make (Marias 440). Put in layman’s terms, Sartre believes that our freedom is absolute, and that, even more importantly, the choices we make determine the kind of person that we are. In a way, Sartre reverses the logic of human essence – i. e. , human actions does not flow from one’s own essence; instead, human essence is molded by the actions that we as persons commit to doing. For such reason, and as mentioned earlier, Sartre believes that humanity has no fixed essence. And insofar as the concrete form of our human essence takes cue only from the activities which human persons do, Sartre rests his case on the plain assumption that one’s life cannot be placed within any restricting concepts of essence, for any reason whatsoever (Marias 440-441). There are reasons to think, however, that Sartre may have framed human freedom quite radically and that his wholesale denial of an identifiable human essence may have been taken quite drastically. To this end, strains of Aristotle’s philosophy may be helpful in shedding light into some of the oversights Sartre may have committed in denying the tenability of human essence on account of absolute freedom. Firstly, it may be insightful to be reminded of the fact that Aristotle understands human essence as an aspect of life that does not effectively restrict human capacity to determine one’s path according to the sets of actions a person may willingly opt for. Human essence merely speaks of the kind or quality of existence which is construable from and identifiable in a certain thing (Lavine 71). It merely serves to help man appreciate what kind of creature he is by way of categories and definitions. Conversely, the concept of human essence does not, in any whatsoever, imply an absolute determination of human reality according to these set of classification or categorization. An example may help further situate the conundrum: when someone thinks of man as essentially a spiritual being – i. e. , the capacity for spiritual relations with God belongs properly to the characteristic trait of humanity – one does not rule out the possibility of not believing in God all together. Instead, one merely makes a statement about the humanity’s general preponderance to worshipping a deity, notwithstanding personal choice to dissent. The same goes true for human essence. Sartre thinks that humanity has not a fixed essence on account of a human freedom that determines a resulting human nature. Unfortunately for Sartre, human essence and human freedom are not mutually exclusive. In fact, a person’s freedom is only affirmed, if not accentuated by the fact that the human essence is defined by a tacit acknowledgement of man’s of basic rationality and capacity for freewill. Secondly, Sartre’s contention that human persons have no fixed essence is certainly difficult to argue precisely because human freedom is really not absolute and that humanity’s basic essence does not depend on human choice but on what nature has fundamentally given. Two aspects come into play with in this particular rebuttal. In the first place, Sartre may have taken human freedom quite radically in arguing that it our capacity to determine ourselves must be taken in absolute terms – i. e. , we can do whatever we wish; besides, we are the ones determining our resulting essence in the process. This, unfortunately, is untenable. For instance, if I, born as a human person, were to choose living like a dog, I would probably find certain dog-like activities incongruent with my natural bodily processes. I would find it difficult to bark, let alone walk in a four-legged manner; as these are not consistent with how was I born and raised. The point in contention here lies in arguing that human freedom, contrary to Sartre’s arguments, cannot be taken as an absolute determinant of human nature. On the contrary one may find it difficult to deliberately deviate from the demands of our basic human essence. Such difficulty should bring us more into an appreciation of our human nature not really as an aspect dependent on human choice, but an aspect that is made perfect by the choices that we make. Herein Aristotle’s teleological philosophy appears to take shape. According to Aristotle, essence precedes actions, or essence precedes existence; and that the perfection of all actions comes when they fulfill the essence in question (Marias 74). For instance, when a person uses critical thinking before making a judgment, such an act can be considered as a perfection of the man’s nature as a rational entity. The point in contention here lies in arguing that we cannot really do away with human nature. On the contrary, our actions must run consistent with it; for only when we act according to our nature can our actions be perfected according to our essence. By way of conclusion, I wish to end with a thought that dismisses Sartre’s contention – i. . , that humanity cannot find a common essence proper to himself and himself alone – on account of its patent inability to take into account the true state of human affairs. In the discussions that were developed, it was learned that Sartre’s refutation of human essence stems from his belief that human freedom is absolute, and that human persons are the ones molding their respective essences. However, there are surely good reasons to think that this p hilosophical stances does not hold water. First, it has been argued that the concept of human essence does not in any way defeat the reality of human freedom. Human nature and human freedom, it was argued, are not mutually exclusive. Second, Sartre appears to have neglected the fact that human freedom cannot be equated with the capacity to do what one wishes, regardless of what nature has already given. There is no such thing as an absolute freedom. And in the final analysis, we have to admit that we are bound by a certain essence, no matter how hard try to deviate from it.

Comparing Two Advertisements Essay

In this essay I will compare two advertisements both of which are marketing motor vehicles. Both of these advertisements are presented on a single page but one is promoting a Nissan X-Trail jeep and the other a Fiat Seicento 2Tone car. I chose to compare these two advertisements, as they are both similar in a way that they are promoting motor vehicles. Both advertisements were found in glossy page magazines. The Seicento 2Tone I found in a â€Å"HELLO† magazine, which is read by both men and women of all ages. The Nissan X-Trail I found in a local magazine that again both woman and men of all ages read. The target audiences for the two advertisements differ. The Seicento 2Tone has many aspects that appeal to the female reader, more so then it would to the male reader. Likewise, with the Nissan X-Trail although the target audience could be male or female, it would seem to interest the men more because of the bolder sporty layout. The layout on the Fiat Seicento 2Tone is very soft and simple looking, as pale delicate colours have been used to give it a very gentle feel. The colours and background colour of the whole advertisement is very simplistic with the dull silver and slight orange trim around the car. It is very subtle, soft and feminine in contrast to the Nissan X-Trail, which is very colourful with an almost dark and rugged texture to its paper. The shining silver of the jeep, with its dark blacked out windows, gleams against the dark background with a splash of bright colour on the right hand side behind the jeep for the sporty gear, instantly appealing to the adventurous sporty type. The Fiat Seicento 2Tone appeals to the women because of its soft gentle appearance and the box with the two cars implying a pair of boots is placed at the top of the page, very large, leading down to the slinky title â€Å"Kinky Boots† automatically attracting a female readers interest and posibly mens interest as well. The title kinky boots also relates to the motto â€Å"Driven by Passion† which is appealing to women’s emotions more so than men. The second advertisement, the Nissan X-Trail, appeals more to the men because of its â€Å"Real Life Computer Game† which subtly implies an action packed ride. The image of the jeep in the Nissan X-Trail is placed in the middle of the single page, on a slant giving an off road impression. It is the main feature with most of the attention drawn to it, whereas the Fiat Seicento 2Tone is placed at the top of the page, with a wider spread surrounding. The setting of each advertisement has a similar connection to the type of car and the audience they are persuading. The Nissan X-Trail has a jam packed page full of colours and images just like an action packed computer game, in contrast to the Fiat Seicento 2Tone, which has a very unadorned almost quiet like setting with very appealing titles, logo’s and mottos to attract the readers attention. Another great aspect that attracts the female reader to the Fiat Seicento 2Tone advertisement is the use of persuasive, chatty and witty language, which would amuse the reader as well as making contact with them, by using a friendly and informal tone and style. Throughout the text sex appeal has been included for example, â€Å"turn a few heads† meaning catch people attention as you would with fashion and clothing. â€Å"Designed with exquisite details† almost like a designer dress that would stand out as the car would. â€Å"Metallic paint, matching interior trim and body, colour co-ordinated features† giving the gist that everything fits in and is matching like an out fit would. They then continue to say you could â€Å"look drop dead gorgeous† with a whole range of extra’s just for i 6199, â€Å"go on, treat yourself† as if they were talking about an item of clothing or makeup. All this would instantly attract and appeal to the female reader, whereas in the Nissan X-Trail aspects that attract the male reader to the advertisement are more male orientated features. With help of the text and language used the male â€Å"real life computer game† effect is enhanced. Short, simple sentences are used for emphasis on aspects related to the jeep. It also keeps the male readers attention as opposed to long complex sentences. It compares the car to a computer game, whereas, the Fiat car is being compared with fashion. To achieve this they used figures, mechanical and technical details, â€Å"the smooth control of a 2. 5l 180hp engine with multi mode 4WD system. † This would more than likely attract the men and create an imaginary game through driving the jeep. â€Å"Forget loading a hard drive, forget 3-D animation† meaning forget all that indoor computer fantasy life, drive the Nissan X-Trail and live the game real life or even â€Å"reboot your life. † The X-trail advertisement seems to appeal towards a male audience even though they use repetitiveness with rhythm of verse. As there are three very short stanzas in the Nissan X-Trail, all full of energy and power, it’s effective and can help to persuade the audience similar to the Fiat Seicento 2Tone with the chatty and witty informal tone. Both the Nissan X-Trail and the Fiat Seicento 2Tone use adjectives and modern language to persuade the reader. The Seicento 2Tone uses play on words such as, â€Å"Kinky Boots†, as the word ‘boots’ is cleverly linked to the image of the two cars parked next to a large shoebox. The word ‘kinky’ is a very seductive word, again introducing sex appeal. On the other hand the Nissan X-Trail does not use such obvious means of sex appeal, so instead use bold eye catching phrases. Weather it’s a monotone background with big, brash and bold white heading or an elegant refined orange heading both emphasis the subjects of both advertisements Both of the advertisements give some sort of detail, whether it is price, contact numbers or e-mail address they both give a different variety. I think that because the Nissan X-Trail was found in a local magazine there is no price list or finance offers. These are in fact found in the Fiat Seicento 2Tone as the magazine it is advertised in is found throughout the world; therefore it is open to a lot more readers and buyers. In both the advertisements there are telephone numbers and website addresses for people to contact for further information. Similarly both the advertisements have motto’s and logo’s not just advertising the car but the company itself for anyone who is interested in buying a car if its not particularly the one shown in the advertisement. At the bottom of the Fiat Seicento 2Tone there is an extra section of text in small font giving more detail about prices and payments and buying requirements. As opposed to in the Nissan X-Trail, there are no extra details. Personally, I think that both advertisements are effective but perhaps the Fiat Seicento 2Tone is more persuasive and appealing to the reader. I think this because of its informal witty sense from the text and the use of seductive feminine language. However, I think that overall the image and sense you achieve form the Nissan X-Trail is more inviting and appealing because of its boldness and adventure. I think that in an advertisement it is more important to persuade your reader then to attract them. If the advertisement has persuaded the reader, it has more that likely already attracted them. To further extent, I would conclude in saying that it is more important to be persuaded and attracted rather then just informed. I find that the Fiat Seicento 2Tone possesses both attraction and persuasion. I believe it has a greater impact and effect on the audience so; consequently it is the most successful.

Free Essays on There Are No Permanent Allies, No Permanent Enemies Only Permanent Interests

"There are no permanent allies, no permanent friends, only permanent interests", is a clichà © which quite often describes the behavior pattern of nations. This is because it is the interest of a nation that governs its behavior in a given situation. Therefore the interests of a nation remain paramount. The status allies and enemies keep changing depending on what suits the nations interest best. Modern history has several examples to prove the above stated point. The Afghanistan war of 1979 is a good example to prove it. Soviet Union had many interests in Afghanistan and one of them was to spread the theory of communism and make it one of its satellite nations. The United States was pursuing a policy of containment and it indirectly aided the rebel forces of Afghanistan, i.e. the Taliban and Mujahhidins, to overthrow the communist regime. United States allied with Afghanistan along with Iran, China and Pakistan to carry out its objectives. Although the war ended in a stalemate, but the participating nations were involved because it served their interests. After 9/11 United States developed an interest of combat against terrorism and it suspected its former ally, Afghanistan or the Taliban, to be involved in the attacks on the WTO twin towers. The super power attacked Afghanistan due to a change in its interests and in fact it received support from its former enemy, Russia. In course of a decade, at first United States supported a nation and i n the end attacked and destroyed it. It took part in both occasions purely due to the reason of interests. It allied with nations that had similar interests and opposed those who had interests that were contradicting. Another example from modern History is the behavior of United States during the Iraq-Iran war of the 1980's. The Iraq – Iran war a typical example to show that interests are the main reason that a nation gets involved in any given situation. In course of the Persian Gulf War of... Free Essays on There Are No Permanent Allies, No Permanent Enemies Only Permanent Interests Free Essays on There Are No Permanent Allies, No Permanent Enemies Only Permanent Interests "There are no permanent allies, no permanent friends, only permanent interests", is a clichà © which quite often describes the behavior pattern of nations. This is because it is the interest of a nation that governs its behavior in a given situation. Therefore the interests of a nation remain paramount. The status allies and enemies keep changing depending on what suits the nations interest best. Modern history has several examples to prove the above stated point. The Afghanistan war of 1979 is a good example to prove it. Soviet Union had many interests in Afghanistan and one of them was to spread the theory of communism and make it one of its satellite nations. The United States was pursuing a policy of containment and it indirectly aided the rebel forces of Afghanistan, i.e. the Taliban and Mujahhidins, to overthrow the communist regime. United States allied with Afghanistan along with Iran, China and Pakistan to carry out its objectives. Although the war ended in a stalemate, but the participating nations were involved because it served their interests. After 9/11 United States developed an interest of combat against terrorism and it suspected its former ally, Afghanistan or the Taliban, to be involved in the attacks on the WTO twin towers. The super power attacked Afghanistan due to a change in its interests and in fact it received support from its former enemy, Russia. In course of a decade, at first United States supported a nation and i n the end attacked and destroyed it. It took part in both occasions purely due to the reason of interests. It allied with nations that had similar interests and opposed those who had interests that were contradicting. Another example from modern History is the behavior of United States during the Iraq-Iran war of the 1980's. The Iraq – Iran war a typical example to show that interests are the main reason that a nation gets involved in any given situation. In course of the Persian Gulf War of...

Name Essays (3218 words) - Auditory System, Perception, Surveillance

Name Essays (3218 words) - Auditory System, Perception, Surveillance Name Professor Course Date Abstract The recognition of the ear is determined by the ear biometrics with respect to the physiological as well as the behavioral characteristics of the ear. The stable biometric nature of the ear draws the interest in many scholars in conducting a number of researches on the recognition capability plus functionality of the ear. Other biometric aspects of the other body parts indicate that the biometrics of the face and the figures are less accurate in comparison with the biometrics of the ear. The ear biometric is a good component of recognition that other body parts because the ear biometric is fixed. Even though in industrial and academic fields these have been the major recognition concepts, the ear recognition stands out to be the feature which gives the accurate and distinct recognition when compared to the rest of the body parts. This research paper outlines the use of deep counter as an alternative technique for edge detection to the capability of recognition of the ear. The main stages of deep counter methodology of studying the ear recognition ability are the ability of the ear to conduct prior processing of information, skin detection, contrast enhancements and size normalization. The CHAINLETS help to extract all the ear features then helping the ear to match all the information for proper identification. This method of ear detection is most applicable in an unconstrained channel of ear recognition. The results of the experiment indicate that the approach of Deep Counter and CHAINLETS for Ear recognition show the best result comparing with another state of the art base descriptors. Introduction According to Moreno B., Sanchez A., Velez J. (1999) ear recognition has rich biometric and physiological features, which are stable and do not vary with change in age. Additionally, the facial expression of an individual does not have any impact on the biometry of the ear (Basit, Javed, and Anjum 24- 26). Its large size as compared to the fingers and eye makes it easily recognizable from a distance. Shen, Wang, Wang, Bai, and Zhang point out that with the evolving use of biometric recognition of people, the ear is emerging as a significant source of people recognition. The ear provides more accurate recognition ability when it is used together with the facial recognition devices. Most significant is that the ear is not impacted by any external factors such as makeup, gasses, hair or other artificial settings as such are not able to alter the biometry of the ear (Anika Pflug, Christoph and Busch, 2012). Satish Ravindran (2014) reveals that the ear recognition is sensitive to any external force or factor that interferes with the ordinary operations and working phenomenon of the ear. In particular, it is sensitive to scale variance, invariance in initialization and the level of noise tolerance it can withstand within a particular environment. According to Hurley David (2013) all these factors will adversely affect the ear recognition system depending on their level and magnitude in the environment. The duration of exposure and the condition of the ear will also determine how these factors cause adversaries to the recognition ability. In essence, the ear recognition system will be very sensitive to any changes in the levels of these factors in the environment, and in any case, it finds it difficult to adjust to normalcy, then it will end up losing its recognition ability (Naser Damer & Benedikt Fuhrer, 2012). Care must, therefore, be taken to ensure that all the factors mentioned above are within the limits that the ear can tolerate. In this paper a discussion on the deep contoured ear recognition technique is presented in which normalization, cropping enhancement occur in the early stage. A boundary is then extracted from these images through a deep contour method to be used in the next stage. CHAINLETS is employed to extract the features of the ear and a fast histogram intersection distance used to match the images. In this paper extra attention is given to the deep contour technique to engage the CHAINLEST in extracting the entire ear biometry. The various sizes of the images produced will generate different strictures of the ear biometry which will later be used to classify and match the ear features. Methodology Deep Contoured Method This study borrowed much from the deep contour technique of edge detection to classify all the images obtained for the ear biometry from the background. For the technique, white was used for the ear edge while the black coloration was used for the background of the ear. The deep contour method is a technique that employs

Proportions Problems Worksheet - Practical Questions

Proportions Problems Worksheet - Practical Questions A proportion is a set of 2 fractions that equal each other. This article focuses on how to use proportions to solve real life problems. Real World Uses of Proportions Modifying a budget for a restaurant chain that is expanding from 3 locations to 20 locationsCreating a skyscraper from blueprintsCalculating tips, commissions, and sales tax Modifying a Recipe On Monday, you are cooking enough white rice to serve exactly 3 people. The recipe calls for 2 cups of water and 1 cup of dry rice. On Sunday, you are going to serve rice to 12 people. How would the recipe change? If you’ve ever made rice, you know that this ratio - 1 part dry rice and 2 parts water  - is important. Mess it up, and you’ll be scooping a gummy, hot mess on top of your guests crawfish à ©touffà ©e. Because you are quadrupling your guest list (3 people * 4 12 people), you must quadruple your recipe. Cook 8 cups of water and 4 cups of dry rice. These shifts in a recipe demonstrate the heart of proportions: use a ratio to accommodate lifes greater and smaller changes. Algebra and Proportions 1 Sure, with the right numbers, you can forgo setting up an algebraic equation to determine the amounts of dry rice and water. What happens when the numbers are not so friendly? On Thanksgiving, youll be serving rice to 25 people. How much water   do you need?Because the ratio of 2 parts water and 1 part dry rice applies to cooking 25 servings of rice, use a proportion to determine the quantity of ingredients. Note: Translating a word problem into an equation is super important. Yes, you can solve an incorrectly set up equation and find an answer. You can also mix rice and water together to create food to serve at Thanksgiving. Whether the answer or food is palatable depends on the equation. Think about what you know: 3 servings of cooked rice 2 cups of water; 1 cup of dry rice25 servings of cooked rice ? cups of water; ? cup of dry rice3 servings of cooked rice/25 servings of cooked rice 2 cups of water/x cups of water3/25 2/x Cross multiply. Hint: Write these fractions vertically to get the full understanding of cross multiplying. To cross multiply, take the first fractions numerator and multiply it by the second fractions denominator. Then take the second fractions numerator and multiply it by the first fractions denominator.3 * x 2 * 253x 50Divide both sides of the equation by 3 to solve for x.3x/3 50/3x 16.6667 cups of waterFreeze- verify that the answer is correct.Is 3/25 2/16.6667?3/25 .122/16.6667 .12Whoo hoo! The first proportion is right.   Algebra and Proportions 2 Remember that x will not always be in the numerator. Sometimes the variable is in the denominator, but the process is the same. Solve the following for x. 36/x 108/12 Cross multiply:36 * 12 108 * x432 108xDivide both sides by 108 to solve for x.432/108 108x/1084 xCheck and make sure the answer is right. Remember, a proportion is defined as 2 equivalent fractions:Does 36/4 108/12?36/4 9108/12 9It’s right! Practice Exercises Instructions: For each exercise, set up a proportion and solve. Check each answer.1. Damian is making brownies to serve at the family picnic. If the recipe calls for 2  ½ cups of cocoa to serve 4 people, how many cups will he need if there will be 60 people at the picnic? 2. A piglet can gain 3 pounds in 36 hours. If this rate continues, the pig will reach 18 pounds in _________ hours. 3. Denise’s rabbit can eat 70 pounds of food in 80 days. How long will it take the rabbit to eat 87.5 pounds? 4. Jessica drives 130 miles every two hours. If this rate continues, how long will it take her to drive 1,000 miles?

The Black Sox Scandal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Black Sox Scandal - Research Paper Example Charles Comiskey, the owner of the team, had invested heavily into the team to build a formidable squad that he hoped would dominate the game in the future. It took him only two seasons to attain his goal, and his club won the 1917 World Series.2 The team went on to dominate the league past the 1917 season. This dominance was to be tested in 1919 when the Chicago White Sox was to play debutants Cincinnati Reds in the World Series. When America joined the First World War, the 1918 season was shortened as many players went overseas to fight. The remaining players went to work in steel mills to avoid the draft. At the end of the war in November, the same year, Comiskey got back to rebuilding his team. He recruited new players to boost his team. At the end of recruitment, he had assembled a very strong team. Though he had the money to recruit good players, Comiskey was a tightwad when it came to remunerating his players.3 The players often complained of the low pay, but Comiskey ignored them. He paid players of the same caliber different salaries leading to disputes among the players. Most of his players did not have money, and the discrimination made some feel exploited. Comiskey was a darling of the media and often spent a lot of money hosting the media at luncheons with expensive food and wine. On the other side, he was not willing to pay his players better salaries. Despite this, the players continued to perform well on the pitch. The squad of great players like Cicotte, Williams, Jackson and Weaver seemed poised to win the World Series. The Cincinnati Reds were underdogs then, as it was their first National League pennant. Opinion was in favor of the Chicago whites. Odds makers predicted that the win would go to the Chicago White Sox.4 It was almost popular belief that the matches would just be a formality. No one thought that the White Sox would lose, but they lost right from the first game. The loss was intentional, as it was orchestrated by the players who were recruited to fix the matches. This first loss sent a message to the match fixers that the deal was on. A loss on the second game raised some eyebrows. The mode of play by the star players became highly questionable. William Gleason who coached the team all season suspected something was wrong right from the first match and took up the issue with Comiskey. The issue was forwarded to the League president who ignored matter.5 With the match fixers sticking to their deal, the Cincinnati Reds did not have a hard time in the field. The Cincinnati Reds became the eventual winners of the 1919 World Series. The Fix The exact details about what transpired in the period prior to the World Series are difficult to comprehend. The explanation on how the scheme was executed was pieced together using the details that were given by some of the conspirators. The general idea was that the players who agreed to participate in the fixing were promised payment totaling to $100,000 over the period th at the games were to take place. The group was led by Gandil who was approached by Sullivan about fixing the matches.6 It comprised of players who were lowly paid. Gandil was getting ready to retire and wanted to go out with a good ‘retirement package’.

Critical Assessment of Sustainability Policy of EURAC Convention Research Paper

Critical Assessment of Sustainability Policy of EURAC Convention Centre - Research Paper Example Its sustainable mission is to combine the meeting offers with attractive tourist experience that meets international market standards.     The current sustainable policy of the organization requires amendments related reflecting the current changes in lifestyle and technology to guarantee continued advancement. European Academy (EURAC) Convention Centre (ECC) is located at the heart of unspoiled dolomites in one of the most eco-crucial regions of Europe. The facility was designed to curtail the negative environmental impact resulting from events held in the region. ECC is located in a strategic location i.e. city center that can be accessed through eco-friendly transport means such as bikes or through walking. The facility is designed to be a professional conference and seminary facility in local, national or international functions. The 1,250 square meters covered by the facility contains an auditorium with 320 seats, conference hall, five seminar rooms, two foyers, and a computer room. ECC boasts of the highly qualified management team that contributes to the innovativeness; enhances delivery of services. The current growth in the event and leisure industry is due to the enhanced globalization. Industry globalization has led to increased income, intensive use of communication technology and newly developed cheaper means of transport (Paschinger, 2007). Organizational growth and enhanced competitiveness in the event and leisure industry requires the application of enhanced technology and innovativeness. The organization has adopted an effective sustainable policy based on technological innovativeness and focus on environmental improvement.

Biol 232 Human Physiology - Answers to questions Essay

Biol 232 Human Physiology - Answers to questions - Essay Example In this case, the concentration of solute inside the artificial cell is equal to the solute concentration outside; hence, there is no movement of Na+ and Cl- ions across the membrane. b. Assume the membrane is permeable to both solutes; does the concentration of NaCl affect the movement of glucose through the membrane? Explain your answer. No, the concentration of NaCl will not affect the diffusion of glucose across the membrane. Solutes diffuse through the permeable membrane due to the difference in concentration per kind of solute (Saladin, 2009). That is, Na+ and Cl- ions will move across the membrane if there is difference between the NaCl concentration inside and outside the artificial cell. In the same manner, glucose molecules will move across the permeable membrane due to concentration difference of glucose inside and outside the artificial cell. Since Na+ and Cl- ions are different from glucose molecules, the NaCl concentration will not affect the diffusion of glucose across the membrane. c. Assume the membrane is permeable to both solutes, will we detect osmotic pressure in the cell after 1 hour? Explain your answer. Yes, an osmotic pressure will likely be detected due to the different concentration of glucose inside and outside the artificial cell.

Creatively and play with in early year curriculm Essay

Creatively and play with in early year curriculm - Essay Example Since children are naturally creative, there are also many ways to integrate creativity development in such key learning area. This paper will analyze how creativity can be harnessed in communication, language and literacy activities in the foundation stage. Defining Creativity According to the Reggio Emilia approach, Thornton (2005), states that creativity is essential to successful learning as it enables children to make connections between the different areas of learning which in turn extends their understanding (Rinaldi, 2006). Hood (2008) states that Creativity is a state of mind in which all of our intelligences are working together, he goes on to predict that it involves the basic senses within a human whereby seeing, thinking and generating ideas can be incorporated into any subject at school or in any aspect of life (Hood 2008). Therefore it is essential that children are regularly asked questions and given the opportunity to ask questions in order to further stimulate their creative learning thus increasing their self – esteem and confidence (Hood, 2008). Creativity is a quality which can have many advantages as it can be used within many aspects in the child’s later life (Cullingford, 2007). ... This implies that children need to have a variety of experiences to draw from when they develop ideas or when they try to associate one thought with another to come up with a new viewpoint. Developing Creativity in the Key Learning Area of Communication, Language and Literacy Loris Malaguzzi (1998) believes that â€Å"Creativity should not be considered a separate mental faculty but a characteristic of our way of thinking, knowing and making choices† (Malaguzzi, 1998, p.75). Children naturally express such creativity in their natural communication. Their communications may be expressed in various forms or â€Å"languages†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ in words, drawing, artwork, three-dimensional constructions, music and movement. Young children do not express their ideas in just one form but move naturally and easily between â€Å"languages†. They may vacillate from drawing, speaking, singing and moving (Fawcett & Hay, 2004). This is consistent with the key learning area of Communica tion, Language and Literacy development in the Early Years Foundation Stage. Children’s stories are valuable because they present so many benefits to a child’s development. Among the benefits is engaging them in creative imagination as they picture the story unfold in their minds. In practice, storytelling activities are made exciting for children that pupils look forward to story time. It is a time when they imagine wonderful things and then do something fun and creative after, to help them remember the story. Otto (2010) discusses that effective storybook reading techniques involve three parts namely pre-reading, reading and post-reading. These stages are equally important in the appreciation of a story. Before

Mandatory Mediation in Common and Civil Law Countries Essay

Mandatory Mediation in Common and Civil Law Countries - Essay Example Common law system countries use mandatory mediation more prevalently than civil law countries who proceed with considerable caution. The process of litigation is a complex process, which is usually avoided by many people. The civil justice system in the UK is already exhausted of cases, which have not been resolved because of various legal justifications. This negatively impacts on the involved parties because of the increase in the cost of the various court cases as time elapses. Mediation can reform the civil justice system of the UK because it ensures there is efficiency in the dispensation of justice. Consequently, savings are made and time management is upheld.In this respect, the aggrieved parties are satisfied with the mediation dispute resolutions. The mutual satisfaction of the concerned parties is never achieved in a trial setting. The introduction of mandatory mediation in civil cases aims at reducing the backlog of unresolved cases in courts of law. Mandatory mediation is a demonized element in many legal jurisdictions, although it does not affect the delivery of justice to the parties in the civil cases. Darbas (2010) asserts that the cost of mandatory intervention justifies the use of this method in the resolution of many cases. It is a better method compared to the trial because in the trial of a case, the judges can give a subjective ruling, which must be accepted. In mandatory mediation cases are resolved in an amicable manner without favor.

Kate Chopin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Kate Chopin - Research Paper Example On the rare occasion when one 'woke up' from her enforced dullness, she was either reduced in social status, ruined forever, or killed by the restrictions keeping her from remaining fully awake. These are the issues Chopin explores in her work, reminding us, even now, of the need to protect women's rights and freedoms. Awakening the Female in Kate Chopin’s Works Perhaps the greatest single characteristic of the Victorian age was its nature as an era full of strong contradictions. These contradictions are often captured in the works of female writers working during this time period. As the greater world of farm and commerce changed around them, women as a gender began to question their expected roles in society and began demanding more opportunities available for personal fulfillment. This wasn't simply a selfish desire to follow their own dreams, although this was a factor. It was also a recognition of the fact that many women found it necessary to have more options open to th em for self-support and for the greater welfare of their families. Although women throughout time had found various ways to make it on their own, it was rarely possible for them to attain both material comfort and personal independence without the interference of a man. These are issues that figure prominently in women's writing of the time, such as in the work of Kate Chopin. Within her short stories and novels, Chopin reveals deep meaning and strong feminism embedded within the text due to her careful use of perspective and imagery. Her talent enables her to ‘paint a picture’ of life as it was experienced in that moment. Her stories gain their strength by focusing on key elements of the environment in which the characters move and through the special attention she gives to just how the story should be told. Her style enables the reader to experience the various constraining forces, both material and psychological, that were experienced by women of her time and illustr ates why they would want to escape from it. These ideas are easily discovered in a comparison among some of Chopin's short stories, such as â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and "The Storm," and her novel Awakening as the women experience an awakening to their own long-hidden inner nature. The possibility that one can actually awake to a hidden inner self is the primary action of many of Chopin's works and can be easily found in her short short story "The Story of an Hour." The story begins with the introduction of a frail woman later discovered to be named Louise. Louise is sitting in her home's living room being told by her sister and a close family friend of the sudden death of her husband during a railroad accident. â€Å"She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms† (Chopin 199). Following her somewhat alarming outburst, Louise closes herself in her upstairs bedroom and sits in another chair looking out the window as she considers her new position as a widow. Her feelings toward her husband are revealed in this scene to have been strangely ambivalent: â€Å"And yet she had loved him – sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter?† (Chopin 201). The horror of her emptiness as a married woman is clearly expressed in her nearly emotionless assessment of what she’s lost in conjunction with her dawning realization that she is finally free to follow her own idea of happiness: â€Å"

Mandatory Mediation in Common and Civil Law Countries Essay

Mandatory Mediation in Common and Civil Law Countries - Essay Example Common law system countries use mandatory mediation more prevalently than civil law countries who proceed with considerable caution. The process of litigation is a complex process, which is usually avoided by many people. The civil justice system in the UK is already exhausted of cases, which have not been resolved because of various legal justifications. This negatively impacts on the involved parties because of the increase in the cost of the various court cases as time elapses. Mediation can reform the civil justice system of the UK because it ensures there is efficiency in the dispensation of justice. Consequently, savings are made and time management is upheld.In this respect, the aggrieved parties are satisfied with the mediation dispute resolutions. The mutual satisfaction of the concerned parties is never achieved in a trial setting. The introduction of mandatory mediation in civil cases aims at reducing the backlog of unresolved cases in courts of law. Mandatory mediation is a demonized element in many legal jurisdictions, although it does not affect the delivery of justice to the parties in the civil cases. Darbas (2010) asserts that the cost of mandatory intervention justifies the use of this method in the resolution of many cases. It is a better method compared to the trial because in the trial of a case, the judges can give a subjective ruling, which must be accepted. In mandatory mediation cases are resolved in an amicable manner without favor.

Personal freedoms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal freedoms - Essay Example It would seem a perfect situation if there is no drug trade, no terrorism, secure borders and complete order in the country. However if this is done at the price of searching one’s belonging more thoroughly, or by performing body scan tests on the airport, then I would not tolerate this invasion of privacy even if this is done in an attempt to curb the terrorism. On the other hand there are many things which appear an invasion on one’s privacy but according to me I think we can sacrifice. For example, if the government keeps a record of my phone history or the books that I have checked out of library, then there is no issue because such information is trivial for me and if it helps in reducing violence and terrorism then I have no problem with this sort of surveillance. It is therefore important that the government tries to exterminate terrorism without taking from people much of their freedom. Abram, T. (2010, November 13). Personal Freedom and the American Government. Retrieved July 05, 2012, from Freedom Works:

The well-being of looked after children

The well-being of looked after children Wellbeing is a subjective issue, with many attempting to define it. Recent government policies have attempted to create guidelines to improve services; however looked-after children generally have poorer wellbeing than other children. Looked-after children of school age in my area are allocated a named nurse from the school nursing team. The term looked-after refers to children who are subject to care orders and those who are accommodated voluntarily (The Childrens Act 1989). The focus of this essay will be on the wellbeing of looked-after children of 14-18 years of age, as this is when children are approaching the end of care often a time of great disruption to their wellbeing. Furthermore, the wellbeing of looked-after children is particularly vulnerable during the transition period from childrens to adult services. In 2008 there were 59,500 looked-after children in the UK (Department of Health 2009). Evidence shows that a higher percentage of looked-after children will enter the criminal justice system, become teenage parents and have a higher need for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), with behaviour and emotional problems being linked to frequency of placement moves and lack of attachment. (House of Commons 2009, Department for Children, Schools and Families 2009, Barnardos 2006, Department for Education and Skills 2003, Office for National Statistics 2003). To promote the wellbeing of looked-after children extra help from other agencies is required, with the emphasis on holistic assessment. Commissioned Services introduced statutory guidance and named nurses to address this (Open University 2010, Unit 6, page 82-83). It is important as a named nurse that wellbeing is defined and understood in practice. Gough et al (2006, pp4) states à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦wellbeing is an umbrella c oncept, embracing at least objective wellbeing and subjective wellbeing. Ereaut and Whiting (2008) believe that wellbeing is a cultural construct for what people collectively agree makes a good life. The Scottish Government (2011) identifies that a safe and nurturing environment is fundamental to developing into a confident and resilient adult, looked-after childrens emotional health is often affected by experiences prior to care entry. Dimigen et al (1999) identified that the level of mental health need in looked-after 11-15 year olds were 55% for boys and 43% for girls compared to 10% for other children aged 5-15. Haywood et al (2008) concur that looked-after children enter care with poorer health than their peers due to the impact of poverty and chaotic lifestyles. The UNCRC commissioners guide (2008) recognises the widening gap between rich and poor in the UK, and associated disparities in the childrens wellbeing. A UNICEF report (2007) places the UK bottom of 21 industrialised countries for child wellbeing. Forrester (2008) believes that children in care can achieve equal wellbeing to other children, and advocates the European model that entry to care can be beneficial for a child living in deprived circumstances, rather than the UK view of care as a final resort. A study by Helseth (2010) found that quality of life is about a positive self-image, good friends and family looked-after children often do not have these resources. Graham and Power (2004) state there is evidence that childhood disadvantage is linked to adulthood disadvantage, emphasising the importance of wellbeing during childhood. The Department of Health (2000) considers there are seven dimensions of wellbeing health, education, identity, emotional and behavioural development , family and social relationships, social presentation, and self-care. To measure child wellbeing, the UK governments Every Child Matters system of five outcomes is used: be healthy; stay safe; enjoy and achieve; make a positive contribution; achieve economic wellbeing (Department for Education and Skills, 2003), which aims to intervene before crisis point is reached (Barker, 2009). The outcomes relate to the 1990 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and are co-dependent. If children are not achieving any of the five outcomes, then the Framework for Assessment of Children in Need is utilised (DoH 2000). This assessment is based on needs in three domains: Developmental Needs, Parenting Capacity and Family and Environmental Factors (Appendix 1) and contributes towards the Common Assessment Framework (CDWC 2009). The CAF is used across agencies to prevent children having to undergo multiple assessments and to aid sharing of information. In practice this does not always work, as a social worker may emphasise a childs social needs compared to health issues. 30% of looked-after children are placed outside their local authority, which has implications for commissioned health services (Doh2009). This can have a negative effect on wellbeing of children as their needs may not be met due to the lack of joined up services. In practice safeguarding supervision helps to identify children whose wellbeing may be at risk, but cross-county collaboration would help minimise these risks further. Although looked-after children can achieve all five outcomes on paper, they may not necessarily feel a sense of wellbeing: they may be unhappy, feel different to other children and have upsetting memories (McAuley and Davis 2009, Fleming et al 2005). It has been found that more emphasis may be placed on one outcome depending on an agencys role, creating a disparity in definitions of wellbeing between agencies. Other criticisms of Every Child Matters are that cultural needs, disability, resilience and emotional health are not taken into account (Chand 2008, Sloper et al 2009). Parton (2006) voices concerns that a low mandatory information sharing threshold could compromise confidentiality. Children leaving care have specific needs when it comes to maintaining their wellbeing, having a lasting effect on their adult lives; care leavers are more likely to be unemployed, to become homeless, to spend time in prison and often have trouble forming stable relationships. One in seven young peo ple leaving care are pregnant or are already mothers. They have to learn how to cope financially (Barnardos 2011). A Panorama documentary (BBC 2011) recently showed care leavers struggling with basic living skills. This is supported by what is seen in practice; many foster carers refuse to allow children assist with preparation and cooking of meals, or ironing in case they may burn themselves. It should be raised with the independent reviewing officer that these skills are beneficial, which should then be recommended formally as part of the care plan. Foster carers now attend mandatory training, and are conscious of health and safety regulations. Often they think they are acting for the good of the child or being nurturing, but in reality they are impeding the childs developing life skills to live independently. A looked-after childs statutory annual health assessment is at odds with them living as normal a life as possible other children do not have an annual medical assessment. Fleming et al (2005) identified a low uptake (56%) and few health issues arising from the assessment, questioning its value. Bundle (2001) found that many health assessments were used as a screening exercise rather than a health promotion opportunity. The feeling in practice is that there is a responsibility by the state to ensure that all health appointments and immunisations are up to date looked-after children generally have a poor history of routine health check-ups at entry to care. Furthermore Coman and Devaney (2011) believe that a good quality holistic assessment is the only way to achieve a meaningful measurement of outcomes for a child. The health assessment also provides an opportunity to support the child with other aspects of health which affects wellbeing such as personal issues and emotional health issues which a child may normally go to family members with (Hill and Watkins 2003). Health assessments can be a strain on resources in practice to provide a good quality assessment an hour should be allowed, with the assessment preferably done in the childs home to observe interactions in their home environment. It also provides an opportunity to discuss leaving care, and to ascertain whether the young person is receiving appropriate services and support. This may require acting as an advocate for the looked-after child at their review, to ensure there is an adequate service provision. Therefore, practitioners must keep up to date with government policy, best practice, evidence, multi agency working and services available in their area. The tool used to assess emotional wellbeing is the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997), however this can cause frustration when problems identified cannot be addressed due to lack of services (Whyte and Campbell 2008). Healthc are professional have a duty of care to ensure that the young person leaving care knows where to go and how to make appointments for different health services. Models such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (1943) and Roper,Logan and Tierneys Activities of Daily Living (2000) form the basis of the adult Single Assessment Process (Department of Health 2002), however when holistically assessing childrens wellbeing the five outcomes of ECM are used, this can create a situation where as little as a days difference in age could result the SAP being used rather than ECM to assess a young persons wellbeing. The transition to adult services would benefit from an additional framework for assessment for young people between 18 and 25. To assess the wellbeing of an 18 year old using the same framework as for a 90 year cannot be in the best interests of the young person. To develop and introduce such a framework would be costly and cumbersome; however as the importance of health promotion is increasingly recognised by the government, it would be worthwhile investigating this further. Studies of young people leaving care show that their health concerns are s imilar to all young people with the additional stressor of learning to live independently. Local studies identify that young people value approachable healthcare professionals, and would prefer to have specific young person-friendly and accessible clinics (National Childrens Bureau 2008, Stanley 2002 ). NICE guidelines (2010) recommend that there is an effective and responsive leaving care service for young people in transition between age 16 and 25. A key leaving care worker can help with the transition however the level of support is varied (Goddard and Barrett 2008). To help a child with the transition leaving care social workers, pathway plans, open door placements and other services should be provided (DoH 2001), but for a young person leaving care many of the domains which contribute towards wellbeing such as housing, income, family relationships, stability and safety are in turmoil and wellbeing suffers greatly as a consequence. Some looked-after children become very emotionally withdrawn leading up to their eighteenth birthday, when they will no longer be a child in care and make the transition to adult services. In 2008 the UK Childrens Commissioners Report found that children felt pressurised to leave care at sixteen, and recommended that no child leaves care before eighte en. Occasionally foster carers allow the child to stay within the family, however in practice when the financial incentive ends, the child has to leave. Resilience has a significant impact on the wellbeing of a child leaving care, resilience is understood as having the capacity to resist or bounce back following adversity and is generally considered to be made up of individual, family and community factors (Glover 2009). Scudder et al (2008) believe that resilient children have belief in their ability to succeed and achieve their personal goals, and that resilience is a dynamic characteristic that can develop over time. Newman and Blackburn (2002) found that children today are less resilient compared to earlier generations, perhaps because of being sheltered from challenging opportunities, however Drapeau et al (2007) state that resilience can be nurtured in children for whom it does not occur naturally. The practitioner should believe in the childs potential and allow them to set t he level of intervention. Ahern et al (2008) suggests referring children with low levels of resilience to services such as CAMHS or peer-support groups. In practice, by addressing one problem at a time enables the child to experience and build upon success, rather than setting a huge unobtainable goal and setting the child up to fail. Wellbeing is believed to include many factors besides health, emphasising the importance of a good quality holistic assessment and appropriate intervention. There are many additional needs for looked-after children, particularly with emotional health, if they are to achieve wellbeing. They are often poorly prepared for independent living when they leave care, and learning life skills should be emphasised during reviews of children approaching the end of care. Upon leaving care, the transition to adult services can be very traumatic and detrimental to wellbeing for looked-after children. As practitioners we should be encouraging looked-after children to prepare for independence and to take responsibility for their own health. To work towards this goal the statutory child in care health assessment should be an exercise in partnership with the child, rather than a professionally led assessment. For a looked-after child to achieve the same level of wellbeing as other children depends on variables such as resilience, attachment and ongoing support which cannot always be provided by the state. There needs to be more research into factors care leavers consider important for their health and wellbeing, which could inform an interim assessment tool between ECM and the SAP providing enhanced transition services for all children.

Why Xeon Doesnt React :: essays research papers

Xenon is a rare, colorless, odorless, tasteless, chemically unreactive gas. It is one of the inert gas elements found in group 0 of the periodic table. Xenon was long considered incapable of chemical reaction, but in 1962 Neil Bartlett, a Canadian chemist, reported synthesis of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, XePtF6, a true compound. Before 1962, people thought that xenon and other noble gases were unable to form compounds. Now, xenon's reported compounds are sodium perxenate, xenon deutetrate, xenon hydrate, difluoride, tetrafluride and hexafluoride. Xenon is present in the atmosphere in extremely low concentration (about one part in 20 million). It is obtained commercially from liquid air. Xenon is used in certain photographic flash lamps, in high-intensity arc lamps for motion picture projection, and in high-pressure arc lamps to produce ultraviolet light. It is used in numerous instruments for radiation detection, e.g., neutron and X-ray counters and bubble chambers. It has found som e use in medicine, e.g., as an experimental anesthetic. Naturally occurring xenon is a mixture of 9 stable isotopes 20 short-lived radioactive isotopes are also known. A mixture of stable and unstable isotopes of xenon is produced in nuclear reactors during neutron fission of uranium one of these, xenon-135, is a very good neutron absorber and must be removed since it poisons the reaction. Xenon was discovered spectroscopically in 1898 by William Ramsay and M. W. Travers, who obtained it by fractional distillation of an impure sample of krypton. Xenon as well as the other noble gasses require an incredible amount of pressure for them to react, which makes them very inert since such a large amount of pressure does not occur naturally.

Theory of Graviton Fields Essay -- Atomic Structures

The Source, Nature, and Generation of the Graviton Field Summary The paper examines the possibility that atomic structures exists as complete self sustaining entities in identical form throughout the Universe, without any form of external input. The paper examines the energy budget of an atomic structure and concludes that gravitational attraction forms an inherent function of the structure in the form of low level quanta ejected from the structure as the final spent particle. It is postulated that all so far identified sub atomic particles are sourced from a single particle, in the central, heavy core, giving up energy in a Bohr/quanta manner as they perform particular functions within the structure. These various energy demands are consistent with the often quoted atomic half life of 1032 years. A mechanism by which a self sustaining structure generates an attraction field is described, together with the mechanism by which multiple structures interact. The process relating to interaction within a single structure is also described. The paper examines the nature of the gravitational field. It follows from the prognosis that the atomic particles identified so far from accelerators, are formed by a quanta/energy degradation which takes place. The core exists as a single entity in an electron, this same particle forming an assembly in all the structures identified in the periodic table. Key Index Phrases The nature of the graviton field. Introduction In the theory now presented by the author, the long sought graviton particle is viewed as the 'Spent' or residual, low energy particle arising from the proton/neutron/electron exponential decay process. This decay represents the energy required to support th... ....dï  ¦,dï  ±,G.M] . dR Since d(E) = R.dF d (E) = ï  ²,. G.M. R2 dï  ¦,.dï  ±, Over the whole surface ïÆ' ¥,E = 2ï  ², ï  ¦,ï  ±,G.M.R2 Substituting figures, E = 56.7x1024 kJ A.2.6 Energy requirement per atom dE = 56.7x1024 kJ 0.71x1050 = 7.98x10-23 kJ Converting to eV d (eV) = 0.0253 eV for Vanadium.

Watching Emptiness

Whenever I walk to the track before a meet, when nobody else is there, I feel a sense of mystery. A mystery of what is going to happen right here, in this precise place, at the precise time. It feels like nothing exciting could happen here because it is so quiet and serene. But anything can happen. Anything good, anything bad, maby. The first thing I think of when I walk up to the empty track is how quiet it is now. But thinking ahead, I know how loud and exciting it is going to be. Now I can just hear my slow footsteps on the track, but soon, I will be able to hear my competitors' racing steps behind me, along with the cheering crowd. I also hear an occasional car drive along on the driveway nearby, but I know that they are not seeing what I am seeing because not too many people are drawn to an empty track in the early morning. Only those who like the mystery and potential it holds. I feel comfortable being alone at the track. I like how I can do anything, and no one would see me. No one is running with me, no one is watching. Everything is played out in my imagination, like a play of what it is going to be before the day ends. I can feel the flexible track under my feet, both now and in my imagination, but then, I am running hard with my racing spikes on instead. Thinking of the future, I can feel the wind racing by my face as I speed along, but now I only feel a slight breeze. When I look around, I see nothing obviously stimulating, but I start to get excited and nervous anyway. Even though there is nothing to see but an empty track and bleachers, I can see the competition already . . . I can see myself on the track, running my favorite race, and coming out of top. I can see my relay team and I, racing head to head against our rivals. Then I can see us start to pull ahead and finally win the race, leaving our competitors behind us. I can see potential for good things to happen. I can see all this by just looking at this empty track, when no one else can see it . . . yet. There are no people moving about like I normally would see at a track. I don't see competitors lined up, ready to race. But instead, there is nobody and nothing on the track, except for a few lone hurdles and race markers. The dew on the infield is uninterrupted, with only the coming sun to melt it away. The bleachers are still wet with last night's rain, and they don't look ready to hold the crowd for today's meet. But as the rest of the team walks up behind me onto the track, I know that we are ready.

Insourcing and Outsourcing of Companies

1-800-India Nations economic growths have rapidly emerged over the past decades. India is the leader in most global markets due to outsourcing white collar jobs. Workers in other countries like India do many different things such as tutoring, checking baggage, and x-rays for cheaper prices than here in the US, often with better results. Over half of the US jobs are going to India because of insourcing and outsourcing of companies. Majority of our customer service calls are being answered by foreign countries. Rwanda is one of the fastest growing places, due to outsourcing and have grown to 1. 6 million over the last decade. The secret is BPO. Many women have joined the work force and have become head of the households. BPO have tripled in size also have different workforces to chose from due to inexpensive educated labor such as insurance, customer service, and travel reservations. This workforce is cutting the cost of back office work by 50% from major companies in the US. BPO started with a hand full of people, today the numbers have grown to over 17,000 worldwide. This culture has learned to speak English in rapid numbers. The advancement of speaking many different languages gives India a huge advantage for American jobs. Many are becoming middle class and are changing the face of the country. Most of these workers are women. Doctors and other professionals have quit their jobs to work for 1-800-India. They are making more money now than they were making as doctors. Americans earn up to 10 times more than other countries but India are among the best paid groups. Before, India knew no value of the credit card but were thought to help Americans with their line of credit. These professionals take pride in customer care because this is their way to a good life. For every outsourcing job there are at least two more jobs created such as security and construction. Shopping has also become a way of life for the younger generation, being that they are paid more than their family have ever made. Many company workers work around the clock. The laws in India kept women from working nights. The outsourcing industry had to lobby the India government to change labor laws so women could work late shifts. The laws also made sure the women were picked up and dropped off back at home. They provided security while on duty. New jobs were created by transporting thousands of people 24 hours a day. This transportation company has become a big operation which has employed many people there. India still has hundreds of people below poverty lines. Working women stayed home and to support the immediate family. However, the first borne girl was seen as a burden to poor families in the India tradition. The father sees no value in the daughter’s education but except the son having an education. The girls would secretly work and pay for education, today they are the biggest support to their families. I believe this country does not want women to work simply because it takes focus off the households and by not educating women some how gives the power to the man. Moreover, women started educating themselves, started gaining confidence, and then dominated the workforce. Some India families who want their daughters to marry have to get approval from the mothers. The boyfriend must be of the same religious back ground and culture. Most marriages are arranged. India is one of the most married countries in the world. India communities live as normally as Americans. They are working communities juggling work, family, children, and school. Just remember the next time you call customer service you will know who you are talking to and hopefully will become more patient and understanding where our calls are coming from†¦

Neuron and Chemical Synapse

Nervous System II: Anatomy Review 1. The somatic nervous system stimulates ____________ muscle. The autonomic nervous system stimulates ___________ muscle, ____________ muscle, and ___________. 2. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of two divisions, each innervating the effector organs. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) generally speeds up everything except digestion. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) generally slows down everything but digestion. Signals from the SNS cause the heart rate to _________, while signals from the PNS cause the heart rate to ___________.Signals from the SNS cause smooth muscles of the intestine to _________ contractions, while signals from the PNS cause these muscles to _________ contractions. Signals from the SNS also cause the adrenal gland to _________ epinephrine and norepinephrine. 3. Neurons can excite or inhibit another neuron. Exciting another neuron will increase the chances of a/an ___________________ in the second neuron. Inhi biting another neuron will make the chances of a/an __________________ less likely. 4. Axons from one neuron can synapse with the dendrites or soma of another axon.These synapses are called ______________________ (on dendrites) and _________________________ (on soma). They carry input signals to the other neuron. Axons from one neuron can synapse with the axon terminal of another neuron. These synapses are called ________________________, and they regulate the amount of ________________________ released by the other neuron. 5. The electrical synapse: Electrical current flows from one neuron to another through _________________. These synapses are always (excitatory or inhibitory). Advantages of the electrical synapses: . _______ signal conduction 2. _____________ activity for a group of neurons. 6. The chemical synapse: Chemical synapses are not as fast as electrical but are the most common type of synapse. A chemical, called a/an ______________________, is released from the sending neuron and travels across the ___________________(a gap between the neurons) to the receiving neuron. Advantages of the chemical synapse: 1. The signal can be either ____________ or ____________. 2. The signal can be ______________ as it passes from one neuron to the next. 7.The neuron conducting the impulse toward the synapse is called the __________________ neuron. The axon terminal contains ___________ ____________ filled with ______________________. An action potential in the axon terminal of the _____________ neuron causes the chemical transmitter ____________________ to be released. It diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the ________________ membrane. These receptors open __________________. The movement of the charged particles causes an electrical signal called a/an _______________________.